Avian Flu Risks Set to Increase Throughout the UK

Jul 31, 2025 | Bird Flu, Uncategorized, Virkon S Disinfectant

Virkon-S Disinfectant - Image of Poultry and Watefowl with Virkon S Logo

Managing Biosecurity as Autumn Bird Migration Approaches in the UK

As the UK approaches the peak of autumn bird migration, farmers, aviculturists, bird sanctuaries, zoos, and wildlife reserves are being urged to reinforce biosecurity protocols to combat the increasing threat of avian influenza (AI). It is widely accepted now that AI is endemic in the wild bird population, particularly seagulls and similar species posing a year-round threat. This threat is significantly exacerbated with the seasonal influx of migratory birds, bringing with them a heightened risk of viral transmission, especially of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains such as H5N1.

A Seasonal Surge in Risk

Each autumn, millions of wild birds arrive in the UK from northern Europe, Scandinavia, and Russia. These birds, particularly migratory waterfowl such as ducks, geese, swans, waders, and gulls, are natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses. While they often show no symptoms, they can shed the virus through faeces, saliva, and nasal secretions — contaminating water, feeding areas, and the environment.

According to the UK Government’s Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the 2022–2023 season saw more than 360 confirmed cases of HPAI in wild birds across the UK, with outbreaks peaking in autumn and winter (DEFRA, 2024). The virus has also had a profound effect on seabird populations, especially gannets, great skuas, and terns, with long-term ecological consequences (RSPB, 2023).

Vulnerability of Captive Bird Facilities

In addition to our poultry farms, bird parks, aviculture collections, and rehabilitation centres are also particularly vulnerable due to the potential for direct or indirect contact with infected wild birds or contaminated materials.

“Biosecurity should now be considered as routine as feeding or cleaning,” states the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) in its disease prevention guidance (BTO). “This is not a seasonal consideration; it is a year-round requirement.”

Evidence-Based Biosecurity Measures

The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) and DEFRA advise all bird keepers to follow strict, science-based protocols. The most effective biosecurity measures include:

  • Housing and Enclosure Protection
    Use netting or covered aviaries to prevent wild birds and droppings from entering. Ensure feed and water are kept indoors or under shelter.
  • Foot Dips and Equipment Disinfection
    All equipment, footwear, and clothing should be disinfected when entering or exiting enclosures. Staff and visitors should use dedicated clothing and boots.
  • Prompt Removal of Carcasses and Waste
    Dispose of dead birds promptly and hygienically. Do not allow waste to accumulate, as it may attract scavengers or become contaminated.
  • Regular Cleaning and Disinfection
    Clean and disinfect all contact surfaces, including feeders, waterers, perches, and housing structures.

Virkon™ S: A Scientifically Validated Solution

One of the most effective disinfectants used in avian biosecurity is Virkon™ S, developed by Lanxess. It is widely approved and recommended for use in avian influenza prevention due to its broad-spectrum virucidal activity.

Key Facts about Virkon™ S:

  • Kills H5N1 and other AI viruses: Proven efficacy against HPAI viruses, including H5N1, under both laboratory and field conditions (Lanxess, 2022).
  • DEFRA Approved: Listed as an approved disinfectant for notifiable animal diseases, including avian influenza (DEFRA Approved Disinfectant List).
  • Fast-acting: Achieves a 99.999% kill rate of viruses and bacteria within minutes under recommended conditions.
  • Safe for Routine Use: Biodegradable and non-corrosive when used as directed, making it suitable for daily disinfection of equipment, boots, and hard surfaces.

In a 1:100 (1%) dilution, Virkon™ S is recommended for general biosecurity, including disinfection of foot dips and spraying equipment in avian facilities.

Sanctuary and Reserve Considerations

While wild bird contact is inevitable in open reserves, steps can still be taken to reduce transmission risk:

  • Temporarily close public access to wetlands or feeding stations in high-risk areas.
  • Increase signage warning against feeding or approaching wild birds.
  • Train staff to recognise signs of illness and ensure quick reporting to APHA.
  • Remove and report dead wild birds via the DEFRA helpline (03459 33 55 77).

The British Veterinary Association (BVA) continues to support enhanced vigilance during peak migration, urging sanctuaries to evaluate and strengthen their biosecurity risk assessments (BVA, 2024).

Prepare, Don’t Panic

While there is no national emergency at present, experience has shown that outbreaks can escalate rapidly. Facilities should:

  • Subscribe to APHA alerts (Gov.uk)
  • Keep written biosecurity protocols
  • Stock adequate disinfectants, PPE, and contingency supplies
  • Engage with local veterinary networks for advice and testing

Autumn migration is a critical window for the spread of avian influenza across the UK. All who care for captive or wild birds — from hobbyists to conservationists — must take proactive, evidence-based steps to protect their birds and the wider avian population.

Resources and References (all links correct at time of posting)

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